9 Early Warning Signs of Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells, especially white blood cells (WBCs). Malignancy of WBCs causes them to divide uncontrollably, resulting in the overcrowding of blood vessels. This affects the immune system and the functioning of other kinds of blood cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. All leukemia forms are treated using combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, targeted gene therapy, and bone-marrow replacement. Here are nine early warning signs of leukemia.
1. Recurring infections
Recurring infections can be considered the primary symptom of leukemia. WBCs are essential to the immune system. Even so, excessive multiplication of abnormal leukocytes makes one more susceptible to diseases. It results in persistent cough, cold, and upset stomach. These infections may not respond to medication always.
2. Fever
With a malfunctioning immune system, fever is certain. Apart from a change in body temperature, one might also suffer from night sweats and chills. Medication may or may not help in alleviating this symptom of leukemia.
3. Weight loss
Consistent, unexplained weight loss can be a sign of blood cancer. It can happen due to two reasons. Cancerous cells, in general, use up energy that would otherwise be stored as fat and secrete proteins that affect metabolism. Leukemia, specifically, may cause loss of appetite. A build-up of abnormal leukocytes in the spleen might cause enlargement. It puts pressure on the stomach to send signals of satiation to the brain.
4. Anemia
Excess WBCs reduce the number of RBCs, giving rise to anemia. Anemia has symptoms like weakness, shortness of breath, and pale appearance.
5. Weakness and fatigue
A fall in the number of RBCs cripples circulation. Oxygen delivery throughout the body is impaired, resulting in weakness. When sleep does not improve tiredness, and other symptoms like muscle or joint pain are persistent, it could be related to general weakness. Also, if one cannot think clearly or concentrate for long, it is wise to consult a physician. Extreme fatigue and tiredness do not go away in the later stages of leukemia.
6. Shortness of breath
Apart from rapid, irregular breathing due to anemia, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and chest can pressure the lungs and trachea. Prolonged difficulty in breathing is a cause for concern, whether related to leukemia or not. Health experts suggest seeking immediate medical attention.
7. Swollen nodes
A build-up of abnormal WBCs in the lymph nodes can cause puffiness. Leukemia patients typically experience engorgement in the neck, armpit, or groin area. A swollen stomach is also common, but this is due to the distention in the spleen. Nodes swollen due to leukemia are painless, unlike inflammatory swelling.
8. Pain in the bones
Since the bone marrow is affected in individuals having leukemia, pain in the bones is also common. Excessive production of marrow leads to aches and pains in bones and joints.
9. Bruising and bleeding
Accumulation of leukocytes results in not only the decrease of RBC count but also abnormally low platelet count. It can result in unexplained bleeding and discoloration of skin in patches. Bleeding in capillaries can result in small red spots, while bruising gives rise to purple marks.
If one notices a combination of any of these signs mentioned above, it is best to consult a trusted general practitioner or a health specialist at the earliest.